Miwa mungdan a Nuclear Fusion jak a matu BEST host hpe gawgap ai lam hpe hkum tsup hkra galaw hpang wa sai .
October 1 ya shani hta Miwa mungdan a Nuclear Fusion jak BEST hpe galaw shapraw ai hta ahkyak ai awng dang lam langai mi hpe lu la sai.
Ton 400 jan li ai npawt nhpang hpe awng dang ai hku jung da lu sai rai nna, yawng ton 6700 daram li ai BEST host hpe htaw na matu jai lang na rai nna, ndai mungdan kaba a n-gun ja ai jak rung host a matu hkum tsup ai hku gawgap hpang wa ai hpe madi madun ai.
Htawm hpang de ndai jak gaw, mungkan ting hta shawng ningnan lang masat da ai Nuclear Fusion n-gun dat shapraw ai lam hpe madun dan ai rai nna, 2030 ning du hkra Nuclear Fusion hku nna shawng ningnan lang nhtoi hpe htoi tu shangun na re ngu myit mada da ai.
Nuclear Fusion: Mungkan n-gun hpe sawk sagawn na matu jahtum na password
Shaning wan 4.6 billion tup jan hpe matut manoi wan hkru ai lam a mau hpa lam kaw nna, shinggyim masha ni a jahtum na "n htum n wai ai" san seng ai n-gun atsam hpe tam ai lam du hkra, Nuclear fusion gaw galoi mung hpaji masa hta grau nna htoi tu ai sawk sagawn lam langai mi rai nga ai. Shagan ni gaw lamu ga ntsa nhtoi hte katsi ai hpe shapraw ya lu ai core driving force sha n-ga, shinggyim masha ni a n-gun atsam shingra tara hpe tsep kawp galai shai kau ya lu ai atsam nga ai cutting-edge hpaji masa mung rai nga ai.
Tsun mayu ai gaw, Nuclear fusion ngu ai gaw, n-gun n law ai atom nuclei ni (hydrogen isotopes deuterium hte tritium zawn re ai ni) gaw, grai tsaw ai nbung laru hte n-gun n-gun ni hta, nuclei lapran na electrostatic repulsion (Coulomb repulsion) hpe lai di nna, n-gun grau ja ai atom nuclei ni (helium zawn re ai) ni byin tai wa nna, shingjawng hkat ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai. Ndai ladat gaw Einstein a mass energy equation "E=mc 2" - hpe hkan nna galaw ai rai nna, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun yawng hta loi mi yawm ai.
Nuclear fusion a n-gun atsam hpe chye na na matu, data shingdaw ai lam langai sha ra ai: deuterium tritium kayau ai kilogram 1 a fusion reaction kaw na pru wa ai n-gun gaw, 27000 tons standard coal hpe wan nat ai kaw na pru wa ai katsi ai hte maren sha rai nga ai (sh) ga2so ton hpe tup hkrak wan nat ai kaw na pru wa ai n-gun hte maren sha re; Raitim, dai zawn re ai n-gun atsam (uranium-235 zawn re ai) Nuclear fission wan sau kaw na pru wa ai n-gun gaw, Nuclear garan pru ai wan sau hta na 1/4 daram sha rai nga ai. Grau ahkyak ai gaw, Nuclear fusion a matu wan sau npawt nhpang ni gaw n htum n wai ai daram rai nga ai - deuterium gaw mungkan ntsa na panglai hka hta law law nga ai, panglai hka litre langai hta deuterium lawm ai majaw fusion hku nna wan sau litre 300 hte maren n-gun hpe shapraw lu ai. Mungkan ting na panglai hka hta lawm ai deuterium gaw shinggyim masha ni a n-gun atsam ra kadawn ai lam hpe shaning wan mi jan tup hkap la lu ai; Tritium gaw shingra tara hta grai n law ai raitim, lithium (ga npu hta law law nga ai element) hpe neutron ni hte shingdaw nna, shinggyim masha ni galaw shapraw lu ai rai nna, "fuel n law ai" manghkang n nga ai.
Raitim, hkang lu ai nuclear fusion hpe lu la na matu gaw loi ai bungli n re, shi a madung mayak mahkak gaw "nuclear fusion a matu grai sawng ai masa ni hpe gara hku galaw nna gram lajang na" ngu ai hta rai nga ai. Jan kata hta, n-gun atsam hkrat sum ai majaw, nbung katsi ai℃wan 15 daram hte nbung n-gun wan 250 daram byin pru wa ai majaw, shingra tara hku nna nuclear fusion a matu "wan hkru ai masa" hpe hkap la lu ai; Raitim, mungkan ntsa hta gaw, shinggyim masha ni gaw dai zawn n-gun ja ai n-gun hpe n mai hkan galaw ai sha, grai sawng ai makau grup yin ni hpe hpaji masa hku nna sha shingdaw lu ai. Ya aten hta, sawk sagawn ai lam madung lahkawng nga ai:
Langai gaw, magnetic confinement fusion rai nna, dai hpe "hpan shalat ai jan" ngu nna shamying ai, Mungkan ting na Thermonuclear Chyam dinglik Reactor (ITER) hku nna madi madun ai. Dai gaw grai n-gun ja ai magnetic field (ga ntsa na magnetic field hta htam 100000 daram n-gun ja ai) hpe jai lang nna, plasma (atom nuclei hte electron ni garan ginhka ai mali ngu na masa) hpe shinggrup da ai, nbung katsi ai℃wan 150 daram du hkra, grup yin n-gun n rawng ai nbung n-gun rawng ai nta langai mi hta shingbyi tawn da ai. device bunghku hpe matut mahkai nna katsi mat hkra galaw ya ai, dai shaloi fusion reaction ni a matu ra ai masa ni hpe hkan sa lu na matu plasma hpe matut manoi katsi shangun ai. 2023 ning hta Miwa mungdan na "Artificial Sun" ngu ai jak (EAST) gaw, plasma hpe℃wan 120 hta second 403 tup matut manoi galaw lu ai majaw, mungkan masat dingsat langai mi hpe tawn da lu nna, ITER hpe hpang na chyam dinglik ai lam ni a matu npawt nhpang hpe gaw gap lu sai.
Kaga langai mi gaw Inertial confinement fusion rai nna, dai hpe Amerikan mungdan a Mungdan Wan Hkru Hkrang (NIF) hku nna madi shadaw ai. Dai gaw, n-gun kaba ai laser 192 hpe, millimeter loi mi sha galu ai deuterium tritium target langai mi ntsa de focus galaw nna, dai target hpe℃wan 30 du hkra katsi shangun nna, grai kadun ai aten ladaw (second 100 daram) hta, lamu ga a npu na plasma a n-gun htam 100 daram de shinggrup kau ya ai. hpe ngut kre hkra galaw na matu diffusion n mai byin ai aten hta kalang ta fusion byin pru wa ai. 2022 ning December shata hta, NIF gaw shawng ningnan lang "net energy gain" hpe lu la sai - fusion bai htang ai lam ni a majaw pru wa ai n-gun gaw shang wa ai laser a n-gun hpe lai di nna, inertial confinement lam hta kaba dik ai rawt jat lam hpe madi madun ai.
Nuclear fusion gaw n-gun kaba ai hte wan sau law law nga ai hta n-ga, jahtum na shim lum lam hte grup yin hpe mung makawp maga ya lu ai. Nuclear garan ginhka ai lam hte n bung ai sha, grai sawng ai masa ni (magnetic field hpe jahkring kau ai (sh) laser hpe jahkring kau ai zawn re ai) ni sum mat ai shaloi, nuclear garan ginhka ai lam ni gaw kalang ta htum mat na re, "core meltdown" byin wa na hkrit tsang hpa n nga ai; Madung n-gun rawng ai arung arai gaw helium (n-n hkru n kaja ai hte n hkru n kaja ai n-gun n rawng ai nbung) rai nna, dai gaw nuclear fission zawn aten galu na radioactive n-gun n rawng ai hte grup yin hpe mung n-gun n rawng ai ngu na daram rai nga ai.
Shinggyim masha ni gaw hpaga lam a matu nuclear fusion n-gun shapraw ai lam hpe n lu galaw shi tim (30-50 ning laman hpaji masa rawt jat galu kaba wa na hpe myit mada da ai), Nuclear fusion hta rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lahkam shagu, jan a shingra tara fusion kaw nna laboratory hta loi loi hte rawt jat wa ai du hkra, shinggyim masha ni hpe "e" ngu ai n-gun atsam lawt lu ai yaw shada lam de grau ni htep hkra shadut nga ai. Htawm hpang de, Nuclear fusion wan jak ni mungkan ting de chyam bra wa ai shaloi, shinggyim masha ni gaw, nhprang wan sau ni hpe kam hpa ai lam kaw na tsep kawp lawt lu nna, nbung laru galai shai ai lam, n-gun n law ai zawn re ai mungkan manghkang ni hpe hparan lu nna, san seng ai hte shadawn sharam n nga ai n-gun atsam hpe madung tawn ai prat nnan hpe hpaw hpang wa lu na re.
